Sam HowellI study ocean worlds, and I build with AI to explore them.

I came to JPL to look for life beyond Earth. I'm a Project Staff Scientist on NASA's Europa Clipper and a research scientist in planetary interiors. These days most of my technical work runs through coding agents that I direct.

NASA JPL / Caltech Europa Clipper Agentic-first since 2021
EUROPA · DRAG TO SPIN0.0°N 0.0°W
Day job

Searching Europa's ocean for signs of habitability

Europa hides a salty ocean under an ice shell, and Europa Clipper launched in October 2024 to find out whether it could support life. I help the project scientist steer the mission's science, and I study how ice shells move heat and material between the surface and the ocean below.

  • 2019 – now
    Project Staff Scientist, NASA Europa ClipperSupporting the mission's science goals and objectives, from strategic science planning to Work-MoRE, the mission's working models program.
  • 2019 – now
    Research Scientist, Planetary Interiors and Geophysics, JPLOcean Worlds strategic hire. Ice shell dynamics, ocean exchange, and habitability.
  • Concept lead
    Lead Scientist, PRIMEProbe using Radioisotopes for Icy Moons Exploration, a JPL concept for getting through the ice and into the ocean.
  • 2018 – 2019
    JPL Postdoctoral Fellow, Ocean WorldsProject Science Affiliate on the Europa Clipper science team from 2017.
  • 2016
    PhD, Geology and GeophysicsUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Recognition

  • 2024JPL Voyager Award, Europa Clipper Phase E internal funding program (Work-MoRE)
  • 2023JPL Voyager Team Award, Europa Clipper Strategic Science Plan
  • 2022JPL Voyager Award, Europa Clipper science visualization tools
  • 2021JPL Voyager Award, Europa Clipper Lecture Series
  • 2017JPL Outstanding Postdoctoral Research Award, Planetary Science and Astrobiology

Selected paper

Howell & Pappalardo (2020). NASA's Europa Clipper: a mission to a potentially habitable ocean world. Nature Communications 11.

Side projects

Things I build on my own time

Independent work, built outside my JPL and NASA roles from publicly available information. Most of it is written by coding agents working under my direction.

Featured

Mission Widget

A flight-planning workspace for mission design. It puts trajectories, observations, and tradeoffs in one place so science and engineering teams can plan against the same picture.

Developed with coding agents as an independent project.

genaisci

Coming soon

Notes on generative AI for science: what changes when research runs through agents, and what scientists need to learn to work that way.

Teaching agentic research

Ongoing

Talks and workshops helping planetary scientists and engineers work with coding agents, so they can see where research is heading.

Field record

From summit to seafloor, and then Europa

Before JPL, the work took me to some extreme places on Earth. Toggle the scale to see how they compare with the world I study now.

To scale. Europa figures are NASA estimates: ice shell 15 to 25 km thick over an ocean 60 to 150 km deep.

Mariana Trench −10,935 m

Remotely piloted deep-sea submersibles in the deepest ocean on Earth. The depth shown is Challenger Deep, the trench's lowest point.

Kilimanjaro +5,895 m

Summited Africa's highest peak.

Polar glaciers ICE

Led month-long deployments on glaciers to test technology built for icy worlds.

Earth's full range of relief, from Kilimanjaro's summit to Challenger Deep, is about 17 km.

Connect

Find me elsewhere

For collaborations on AI for science, mission concepts, or talks, LinkedIn is the best way to reach me.